Cost of Debt Bias Free Essays

Debt is perpetual 2. probability of default is 6 in each period. The probability is the same in every period 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost of Debt Bias or any similar topic only for you Order Now If default occurs, bondholders receive p fraction of the face (principal) value f the bond plus accrued interest. 4. Bond is sold at par, i. e. , the bonds initial price equals its principal value. . If the bond does not default, the bondholders receive the promised coupon payment. 6. Discount rates are constant over time. At the start of each period in which the bond has yet to default, the bonds price must equal its initial price. Why? At the start of period 1, the bond promises to pay a perpetual series of interest payments and with a 6 probability of default and an a ecovery rate of p; at the start of period 100, if the bond never defaulted in the previous 99 periods, the bond promises to pay a perpetual series of interest payments and with a 6 probability of default and an a recovery rate of p. The same statement is true for any and all dates in the future. Thus, the price will be the same at all dates in the future. Thus, if the bond does not default at the end of the period, at the end of a period, it is worth P + rYTM P; if the bond defaults at the end of a eriod, it is worth y(P + rYTM P). How to cite Cost of Debt Bias, Papers

Cost of Debt Bias Free Essays

Debt is perpetual 2. probability of default is 6 in each period. The probability is the same in every period 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost of Debt Bias or any similar topic only for you Order Now If default occurs, bondholders receive p fraction of the face (principal) value f the bond plus accrued interest. 4. Bond is sold at par, i. e. , the bonds initial price equals its principal value. . If the bond does not default, the bondholders receive the promised coupon payment. 6. Discount rates are constant over time. At the start of each period in which the bond has yet to default, the bonds price must equal its initial price. Why? At the start of period 1, the bond promises to pay a perpetual series of interest payments and with a 6 probability of default and an a ecovery rate of p; at the start of period 100, if the bond never defaulted in the previous 99 periods, the bond promises to pay a perpetual series of interest payments and with a 6 probability of default and an a recovery rate of p. The same statement is true for any and all dates in the future. Thus, the price will be the same at all dates in the future. Thus, if the bond does not default at the end of the period, at the end of a period, it is worth P + rYTM P; if the bond defaults at the end of a eriod, it is worth y(P + rYTM P). How to cite Cost of Debt Bias, Papers

Social Media †Its Real Value

With the advent of social media in the last decade, as well as its fast growth, there has been great interest on its real value by those who wish to exploit it to further their personal, as well as public ventures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media – It’s Real Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, many authors have come up with varied compilations of the advantages, as well as the disadvantages of social media, in their quest to explore the real value of social media. All over the world, questions are being asked on how one can adopt social media to improve their social lives or to increase the productivity of their employees and profits for their organization (Jue, Jackie and Kassotakis 42). Others on the other hand are more concerned with the negative effects that social media may have on their businesses and are, therefore, looking for a solution to these negative effect s, or something that will turn the negative effects into positive effects while maintaining the use of social media. This paper seeks to explore the advantages of social media, in relation to its application both in the social setting as well as in the business setting. This is to expose the real value of social media as it is used today in our social lives as well as in the workplace, so as to be able to fully exploit it. Previously the modes of communication were limited as there were only a few and unreliable or constrained modes of communication. Letters took days or even more than a week to get to the receiver depending on the distance. There were the more reliable phones and fax among others. These days it is easier to keep in touch with other people as there are more effective modes of communication such as social media, which is not only cheaper, but can accommodate a huge amount of content. It is now easier for people to befriend others they have never met or even heard of, who are in faraway countries. It is now easy to communicate to a big congregation at very low costs or even for free. It is also possible to interact with people from different parts of the world and this has greatly contributed to online marketing. People are, therefore, encouraged to adopt these new forms of communication to improve their lives or profiles by communicating with their friends or customers with clearly set goals. This will allow them to reap the maximum benefits of social media.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This topic is specifically important for marketers who join social media to attract more clients or people who join social media to make friends. It is important to note that joining social media and befriending someone or following someone, is not enough to enjoy the true value of social media. In some cases, companies have joined social media only to receive bad publicity and loose business through it. At times those who join social media have found themselves attracting the wrong audience. This has led to companies procuring the services of social marketers who concentrate on the social media platform of the company. This is in their quest to avert the negative without having to ignore the platform completely. Most of us have been exposed to social media either directly or in directly. In some cases, those of us who are not party to any of the social networking sites stumble on to them in our daily internet activities or through our friends and family. Whether we like it or not, social media is part of us especially since it commands a huge following on the social front. This has forced even businesses to adopt it since they cannot afford to ignore its magnitude. Among the advantages of social media is the simplicity that it comes with. This has meant that even people with basic knowledge of IT can access it on their phones or their computers. The global reach that comes with social media as well as the ability to customize pages for users depending on the target market, give people as well as companies limitless capabilities. This has been witnessed where information that goes viral has reached millions of people all over the world, and this happens at no extra cost to the owner of the information. This also means that negative information can also spread the same way, which would then be disastrous to the individual or the company. The real value of social media can be explored on the basis of the gains that one intends to get from it. The benefits are divided into two. There are social benefits as well as economic benefits, and the unifying factor in both of these is that all social network users seek one form or the other. The question of value therefore arises when a user seeks to get this by exploiting the networks that social media creates. This therefore means that the only way one can enjoy t he real value of social media is if they capitalized on the networks created. How to capitalize on the networks created is usually up to the individual since people join social media with varied goals. For those who seek to make friends they may need to go a step further and actually physically meet the new friends they have met on the social networks.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media – It’s Real Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To realize the true value of those friendships people have to leave their computers and phones and actually met the people they have befriended on social media. For companies on the other hand, they can capitalize on the networks created online by ensuring that they capture potential clients, grow their brands and also build onto their customer loyalty to increase it (Scott and Jacka 68). The real value of social media therefore, lies in the ability to cre ate contacts, but can only be enjoyed if a person acts on those contacts. This means that if a marketer is able to attract an audience on social media, he or she should then form a relationship with those that listen or communicate with him or her. Though at times the meetings or the relationships don’t have to be physical the fact remains that after gaining contacts through social media the next step would be to build a relationship with those contacts. It has been noted that some people or companies usually have a huge following on the social networks, but this doesn’t add value to their lives or portfolios in any way. According to Comm and Robbins (36), having thousands of followers on twitter doesn’t mean that all these people care about you or product. It is, therefore, important to make these people care and this can only be done by building relationships outside the social sites. This means that social site should be used as means to identify potential cu stomers and friends and not a popularity platform in itself, if the real value of social media is to be achieved. The knowledge on the real value of social media will help individuals as well as companies to better manage their social image, to ensure that they gain the most out of it. It will also help managers manage their employee’s activities on social media to ensure that any time spent by the employees on social sites translates to either direct or indirect profits for the company. As far as individuals are concerned, the question of how they can gain either financially, socially or even spiritually rests on the kind of people they attract on social media. For someone who is seeking to build a professional profile and attract either employers or personal clients, the adoption of sites such as linked in will obviously give the person a platform that he or she can further his or her professional interests (Powell, Groves and Dimos 92). The brand has to first access the ne eds of the particular social media community as well as its interests as far as social media is concerned. This is meant to help them in developing rules of engagement that they can refer to in the process of establishing themselves in the community.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The brand has to identify the right people who can manage their community and more specifically engage with potential customers and ensure their brand is perceived positively. It is advisable to have a platform that one can control content. It is most preferable for companies or individuals building a professional profile to use websites or blogs since they can filter any negative content that may reach their audience and cause them to lose business or credibility. Works Cited Comm, Joel and Robbins, Anthony. Twitter power: how to dominate your market one tweet at a time. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 2009. Print. Jue, Arthur, Marr, Jackie Alcalde and Kassotakis, Ellen. Social media at work: how networking tools propel organizational performance. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 2009. Print. Powell, Guy, Groves Steven and Dimos, Jerry. ROI of Social Media: How to Improve the Return on Your Social Marketing Investment. New York: John Wiley Sons. 2011. Print. Scott, Peter and Jacka, M ike. Auditing Social Media: A Governance and Risk Guide. New York: John Wiley Sons. 2011. Print. This essay on Social Media – It’s Real Value was written and submitted by user Emily C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom History and World Civilization essay

buy custom History and World Civilization essay The American civil war began because of the pressure by states in the north to end slavery. The pressure resulted from the conflict between the American federal government and eleven southern states that opposed abolition of slavery in United States. In 1840s and 1850s, Northern mounted a joint effort to revolt against the slavery, which was inconsistent with the Southern states aims. The revolt threatened the economic sustainability of southern states, which depended on the control that they had over slavery for economic growth. In the north, anti-slavery gained roots and the states increased their joint efforts in abolishing slavery. This strengthened further when Abraham Lincoln, a candidate against slavery, won the presidential election in 1860. In 1860, the southern states revolted against the union to protect what they saw as their right to keep slaves. The Southern states, under the leadership of Jefferson Davis, formed the Confederate States of America. While in the north states, under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln, formed The Union. However, The Union had more people compared to the southern states; because there were a total of 25 Northern states against slavery compared to only 11 states that were determined to fight for slavery. In addition to the number of people, The Union under Lincoln had an added advantage over the southern states in terms of production and transport. This gave them economic power over the southern states making them more likely to win the civil war (Perman and Taylor, 2009). In 1865, the southern states surrendered in their fight for slavery. As a result, slavery ended in the history of American under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln. Many people died during the war. About 620000 of the 2.4 million were soldiers. In the end, The Federal Union prevailed and the slavery ended (Walker, 2002). Buy custom History and World Civilization essay

85 Synonyms for House

85 Synonyms for House 85 Synonyms for â€Å"House† 85 Synonyms for â€Å"House† By Mark Nichol An extensive vocabulary exists to describe all the possible variations in the structures in which humans live. This list, which omits most terms of foreign origin and includes temporary and mobile living spaces, includes definitions of many such words to help writers distinguish between them: 1. Abode: Any living space; often used jocularly in a mock-formal tone. 2. Apartment: A living space consisting of one or more rooms in a building or a building complex with at least a few such units. 3. Billet: Quarters in a private home assigned to a member of the military order by an official order (also called a billet), or, informally, living quarters. 4. Boardinghouse: A house that provides room and board (a private or shared room and meals). 5. Bungalow: A small one- or one-and-a-half-story house. 6. Cabin: Originally, a small, crudely constructed one-story dwelling; now, often refers to a vacation home that may be quite large and complex. 7. Caravan: A British English synonym for trailer (see below), in an extension of the sense of a file of vehicles, based on the original meaning of a train of pack animals. 8. Casita: A small house. 9. Castle: Originally, a fortified structure that often served as a dwelling for a nobleman and his family and retainers, now used figuratively for a large, imposing house. 10. Chalet: A characteristic type of house in Switzerland, by extension any similar house; also refers to an Alpine herdsman’s hut. 11. Chateau: A large rural house; also refers to a wine-country estate. 12. Condominium: A unit in an apartment building or a town house complex that is individually owned rather than rented. 13. Cottage: Originally, a small country house (though some cottages were and are not necessarily small), either for vacation use or permanent residence. 14. Countryseat: A country house. 15-16. Digs/diggings: Originally slang referring to student lodgings, now informally referring to any living space. 17. Domicile: A formal term for any place of residence. 18. Double-wide: A mobile home (see below) twice the standard width of a trailer. 19. Duplex: A building with living spaces for two separate residents or groups of residents. 20. Dwelling: A place where one lives. 21. Estate: A piece of land, generally with a large house on it. 22. Farmhouse: A house on a current or onetime farm. 23. Flat: A one-floor apartment. 24. Grange: A farmhouse, but generally refers to the farm itself rather than the living space. 25. Habitation: A living space. 26. Hacienda: A large estate or plantation (see below). 27. Hall: A castle (see above); later, a manor house (see below). 28. Hermitage: A residence or vacation home in a secluded place. 29. Home: A place where one lives, though it also has a qualitative association of the domestic dynamics as opposed to the structure in which people live. 30. Homestead: A home and its adjoining land; also, in the United States, specifically a plot of 160 acres. 31-32. Hooch/hootch: See hut, below. 33. House: A place where one lives, as distinguished from a multiunit building. 34. House trailer: A trailer large enough to serve as a permanent living space, rather than one designed for travel. 35. Houseboat: A boat designed with a superstructure similar to that of a small house, as opposed to a cabin cruiser, which has an interior set into the hull. Some houseboats are navigable, while others are merely floating houses. (Interesting side note: Houseboats are nothing new; the word goes back more than 200 years.) 36. Hovel: A small, often poorly built and squalid house. 37-38. Hut/hutment: A small, simply constructed, and perhaps temporary living space; the latter word may also refer to a collection of huts. 39. Hutch: See hut, above. 40. Lodgement: A place for accommodations. 41. Lodgings: One or more rooms rented as a living space. 42. Lodging house: A house or other building providing living spaces. 43. Manufactured home: See â€Å"mobile home,† below. 44-45. Manor: The house or hall of an estate; also refers to the estate itself; also called a manor house. 46. Manse: A Presbyterian minister’s house provided by a church; also a secular synonym for mansion (see below). 47. Mansion: A large, opulent house. 48. McMansion: A pejorative slang term for a generically unattractive, ostentatious large house. 49. Mobile home: A trailer intended as a permanent, fixed living space. 50. Modular home: A house assembled in sections in a factory and assembled on the building site. 51. Motor home: A large vehicle designed as living quarters; not to be confused with a mobile home (see above). 52. Pad: Living quarters. 53. Palace: A large, elegant house; also, the residence of a monarch or a government leader, and in British English an archbishop or bishop’s official residence. 54. Parsonage: A pastor’s house provided by a church. 55-56. Pension: Hotel or boardinghouse accommodations on the European continent; a building for such purposes is called a pensione. 57. Penthouse: A rooftop structure or living space; also, a shed or an annex. 58. Plantation: An agricultural estate, though the term may refer to the main house on the property. 59. Prefabricated home: See â€Å"modular home,† above. 60. Quarters: One or more areas set aside as living space. 61. Railroad flat: An apartment having a series of rooms arranged in a line. 62. Ranch house: A one-story house typically with a low-pitched roof. 63. Recreational vehicle: See â€Å"motor home,† above. 64. Rectory: A rector or parish priest’s house provided by a church. 65. Residence: Any living space. 66. Rooming house: A house where accommodations are available for rent. 67. Saltbox: A house with a long, rear-sloping roof in back that provides room for two stories in front but only one in back. 68. Shack: See hut, above. 69. Shanty: See hut, above. 70-72. Shotgun house: A house in which the rooms are arranged in a line; also called a shotgun cottage or shotgun shack. 73. Split level: A house with separate levels set off from each other. 74. Suite: A living space consisting of a set of rooms. 75-76. Tenement: Broadly, any living space, but in practical usage an apartment building of low-quality construction; also called a tenement house. 77-79. Town house: A two- or three-story house often connected to one or more similar living spaces; also called a row house or a townhome. The term also can refer to a house in town, especially a city residence of a household that lives primarily in a house in the country. 80. Tract house: One of a collection of similar-looking houses built a particular tract, or plot, of land. 81. Trailer: A mobile structure designed to be towed by a vehicle and used as a temporary living space. 82. Triplex: A building with living spaces for three separate residents or groups of residents. 83. Vicarage: A house for a vicar provided by a church. 84. Villa: A large rural or suburban house; also, in British English, an urban house with a yard that may be connected to other identical living spaces. 85. Walk-up: A multistory apartment building with no elevator, or an apartment in the structure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyRound vs. AroundHow to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

Adaptive Social Networks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adaptive Social Networks - Research Paper Example to conduct an experiment on the development of a referral system. The referral system is to support interaction of agents with others by directing users to those agents who may provide the information they need. 1A research was done on an architecture that is fully distributed and has agents who maintain privacy and autonomy from its users. 2In 1997, Kautz and the group developed methods of graph analysis for referral systems where the person with the required information is found by use of referral chains. The informal person-to-person social networks are used to construct what is termed as the ‘referral chains of request. 3According to Bin Yu et al., the research conducted by Kautz et al. concentrated more on the problem of referral information generation at the expense of the dynamic aspects of referral systems. The aim of the research conducted by Bin Yu et al. was to study the dynamics of social structures which most referral systems studied. The agents in their architecture learn models of each other in terms of sociability and expertise. They described an adaptive social network for information access that is intended to be an accurate, dynamic and evolving multi agent system that can achieve the effect of informal social networks that exist in an organization or community. In it, there is a distinction between a user’s interest and their expertise. Each user is associated with a personal agent. This agent is the first to see the user’s queries. He/she then decides the contacts to which the queries are sent. The agent that receives the query then decides if it suits its user and lets them see it. Alternatively, the receiving agent can respond with referrals to other users. The receiving user or agent can also choose not to respond in any way and discard the query. A query basically consists of a query vector and the requester’s ID, email address and a limit on the number of

Literary vs. Research Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literary vs. Research Theory - Essay Example The final example is the New Criticism based on moral and religious structures (Klarer, 2004). Research theory, on the other hand, is a systematic method, mostly used in social sciences, to generate new theories or test existing ones on the basis of data analysis. In the case of creation of a new theory, an existing theory is used as a basis for suggestions as to what kind of research should be carried out. Challenging an existing theory consists of using data as dictated by the null hypothesis based on the existing theory. Examples of research theories include descriptive theories, co relational theories and experimental theories (Klarer, 2004). Both literary and research theories have methods or schools of thought that cannot be clearly cut from one another. They both provide a general sense of a basis in which we can base our arguments as we try to explain the complexities of various aspects in life. Both theories are important in attempting to rationalize different phenomena, and in trying the core cause-effect relationship (Klarer,